Topic 1.1: Introduction to Thermodynamics
Historical Background, Scopes and Limitations of Thermodynamics, Importance in Chemical Engineering, Case Study, Thermodynamic Approaches
Topic 1.2: Thermodynamic Systems and Properties
System and Surrounding, Phases in Thermodynamic Systems, Types of Thermodynamic Systems, Thermodynamic Properties of a System, State of System, State Variables, State Functions/Point Functions, Path Function, Characteristics of Thermodynamic Properties
Topic 1.3: Thermodynamic Processes
Thermodynamic Process, Thermodynamic Work, Types of Process (Isothermal process, Adiabatic process, Isochoric process, Isobaric process, Cyclic Process, Reversible Process, Irreversible Process, Spontaneous Process, Steady State Process, Uniform Process, Steady Flow Process)
Topic 1.4: Problems on Reversible and Irreversible Processes
Estimation of Work in a Reversible Process, Estimation of Work in an Irreversible Process, Analysis of Work in Multi-Step vs Single-Step Processes
Topic 1.5: Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Thermodynamic Equilibrium: Thermal Equilibrium (Zeroth law of thermodynamics), Mechanical Equilibrium, Chemical Equilibrium, Stability of Thermodynamic Systems: Energy Minimization, Entropy Maximization, Gibbs Phase Rule, Degree of Freedom.
Topic 1.6: Problems on Gibbs Phase Rule
Estimation of Phases in a Non-Reacting & Reacting System, Estimation of Independent Components in a Non-Reacting & Reacting System, Estimation of DOF in a Non-Reacting & Reacting System, Stability Criteria for Multicomponent Systems, Derivation of Gibbs Phase Rule
Topic 1.7: Temperature Concept
Temperature, Temperature Scales (Celsius Scale, Fahrenheit Scale, Kelvin Scale, Rankine Scale), Comparison of Scales, Thermometric Property (Mercury-in-Glass Thermometer, Constant Volume Gas Thermometer, Thermistor, Thermocouple, Pyrometer), Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
Topic 1.8: Pressure Concept
Force (Newton, Kilogram-force, Pound-force), Pressure, Hydrostatic Pressure, Pressure Measurement Devices: Manometer (Simple Manometer & Differential Manometer), Mechanical Gauge (Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge, Diaphragm Pressure Gauge, Bellow Pressure Gauge)
Topic 1.9: Energy Concept
Energy (Macroscopic Forms of Energy, Microscopic Forms of Energy), States of Energy (Static & Dynamics), Types of Mechanical Work Transfer, Enthalpy (H), Compressor vs Turbine
Topic 1.10: First Law of Thermodynamics
Statements of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics, Joule’s Experiment, Analysis of a Cyclic Process, Perpetual Motion Machine of 1st Kind
Topic 1.11: First Law Analysis for a Closed System
1st Law for a Closed System, 1st Law for an Isolated System, Work Transfer Analysis for a Closed System, General Representation of Processes on a PV Diagram, Heat Transfer Analysis, Internal Energy for Constant Volume Processes, Enthalpy for Constant Pressure Processes, Heat Transfer Analysis for Closed System
Topic 1.12: Problems on a Closed System
Estimation of Internal Energy in a Closed System, Estimation of Work in a Closed System, Estimation of Temperature in a Closed System, Problems on Cyclic Processes, Estimation of Internal Energy & Enthalpy in a Closed System
Topic 1.13: Reynold Transport Theorem
Step-by-Step Derivation of Reynold Transport Theorem (R.T.T.), Conservation of Mass for Control Volume, Conservation of Energy for Control Volume
Topic 1.14: First Law Analysis for an Open System
Balance for an Open System, 1st Law for an Open System, Steady State Steady Flow Energy Equation (SFEE), Flow Calorimeter (Components, Working, Enthalpy Measurement), SFEE Analysis for Compressor, turbine, Nozzles/Diffuser, Throttling Valve, Mixing Chamber & Heat Exchanger
Topic 1.15: Problems on a Open System
Problems on Energy Balance, Problems on Compressor, Problems on Turbine, Problems on Nozzle/Diffuser, Problems on Throttling Valve, Problems on Heat Exchanger, Problems on Combinations
Topic 1.16: PVT Behaviour of Pure Substances
Pure Substance Definition, Phase Definition, Change of Phase, Drawing TV Diagram, Drawing PV, Comparison between TV and PV diagram, PT diagram
Topic 1.17: Problems on PVT Behavior of Pure Substances
Problems on Phase Behavior on PV Diagram, Problems on Phase Terminology, Problems on Phase Behavior on PT Diagram
Topic 1.18: Properties of Gases
Properties of Gases, Chemical Bonds, Intermolecular Forces, Lennard-Jones Potential, Ideal Gases, Unit of Gas Constant, Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, Real Gases, Methods Used for Real Gases, Compressibility Factor, Compressibility Charts
Topic 1.19: Equations of State for Gases
Equation of State for Ideal Gases, Equations of State for Real Gases (Virial Equations, Cubic Equation/ Van der Waals Equation, Principles of Corresponding States, Generalized Compressibility Charts, Lyderson et al. method, Pitzer Correlation for Compressibility Factor, Redlich-Kwong (RK) Equation, Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) Equation, Peng-Robinson (PR) Equation, Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) Equation)
Topic 1.20: Second Law of Thermodynamics
Limitations of 1st Law of Thermodynamics, Heat Reservoirs Concept, Heat Engine, Refrigerator & Heat Pump, Second Law of Thermodynamics – Statements, Reversible & Irreversible Processes, Carnot Cycle (Assumptions, Processes, Representation on PV Diagram, Theorems), Thermodynamic Temperature Scale, Efficiency of Carnot Heat Engine.
Topic 1.21: Problems on Efficiency and COP
Estimation of Heat Engine Efficiency, Estimation of Refrigeration Efficiency, Estimation of Heat Pump Efficiency, Estimation of Efficiency for Combined System.