Analytical Instruments Notes
Topic 1.1: Introduction to Analytical Instruments
Analysis, Types of Analysis (qualitative and quantitative), Types of Analytical Methods (classical & instrumental), Classical Methods of Qualitative Analysis (chemical test, flame test), Classical Methods of Quantitative Analysis (Gravimetric Analysis and Volumetric Analysis), Instrumental Methods (Qualitative & Quantitative)
Topic 1.2: Classification of Instrumental Methods
Classification of Instrumental Methods, Based on Physical Property Measurement, Based on Molecular Analysis, Based on Elemental Analysis
Topic 1.3: Calibration Methods
Errors, Types of Errors (Determinative & Indeterminative), Accuracy, Precision, Signal & Noise, Calibration Curve, Calibration Methods (Direct Comparison, External Standard, Internal Standard & Standard Addition)
Topic 1.4: Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation
Radiation, Electromagnetic Radiation, Wave Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation, Particle Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Molecular Energy, Spectroscopic Significance of Molecular Energy, Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Matter
Topic 1.5: Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy, Types of Spectroscopy: Absorption spectroscopy (Atomic & molecular Absorption), Emission Spectroscopy (Types of Luminescence), and Scattering Spectroscopy (Elastic or Rayleigh Scattering and inelastic or Raman Scattering).
Topic 1.6: Basics of UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Ultraviolet (UV) Spectroscopy, Origin of UV Light Absorption, Types of Electrons Involved, Electronic Transitions in Inorganic Molecules, Electronic Transitions in Organic Molecules, Chromophore and their effects on Absorption Spectra, Auxochrome, Effect of Conjugation, Effect of Solvent
Topic 1.7: Beer-Lambert Law
Beer-Lambert Law: Assumptions of Beer-Lambert Law, Derivation of Beer-Lambert Law, Deviations from Beer-Lambert Law, Absorbance Spectrum: Analysis of Absorbance Spectrum