Topic 1.1: Introduction to Universe
Universe, Galaxy, Our Galaxy. Solar System, Earth, Earth’s Sphere.
Topic 1.2: Structure of Atmosphere and Earth
Structure of Atmosphere, Temperature and pressure profile in the atmosphere, Structure of Earth.
Topic 1.3: Types of Ecosystem
Ecology, Ecosystem, How Ecosystem works, Types of Ecosystems (Natural & Artificial Ecosystem).
Topic 1.4: Components of Ecosystem
Components of Ecosystem (Abiotic Component & Biotic Component).
Topic 1.5: Functions of Ecosystem
Stratification, Functions of Ecosystem (Productivity, Energy Flow, Nutrient Cycling, Ecological Succession, Homeostasis), Food Chain, Food Web, Biological Manifestation
Topic 1.6: Biogeochemical Cycles
Types of Cycles, Water (Hydrological) Cycle, Gaseous Cycle, Oxygen Cycle, Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle, Sedimentary Cycle, Sulphur Cycle, Phosphorus Cycle